Radiation sickness results when the body is exposed to a large amount of ionizing radiation within a brief duration. This risky dose of radiation is much higher than normal background radiation or medical X-rays. It damages cells, tissues, and organs.

The symptoms may occur rapidly or take days. The condition is fatal unless it is treated early. Read on to learn more!

The early signs

Radiation sickness develops in phases. Initially, the symptoms can appear as ordinary illnesses. However, they deteriorate rapidly. Watch out for the following warning signs:

Nausea and vomiting within hours of contact

Nausea, vomiting, or loss of appetite are among the earliest warning signs. Timing is important; when these symptoms manifest within several hours of potential radiation exposure, this is a very powerful clue to ARS.

Skin manifestations

There may be redness, swelling, or a sunburn-like response on exposed skin. Subsequently, skin may blister or peel in case of a high dose.

Weakness and fatigue

Radiation burns the bone marrow, decreasing the blood cells. This leads to:

• Abnormal fatigue
• Lightheadedness
• A sense of weakness that does not get better with rest.

Neurological signs

When the doses are very high, confusion, disorientation, or seizures may take place within hours of exposure.

Early detection

When you or someone nearby has these symptoms following a known or suspected radiation incident, you should seek medical attention immediately instead of letting the disease take its course. Here are some of the diagnostic ways a doctor may apply:

Blood tests

Doctors can order blood tests, particularly white blood cells, which decline rapidly after radiation exposure. It is among the most accurate early diagnostic instruments.

Dosimeter

A device called a dosimeter can measure the absorbed dose of radiation.

Survey meter

A Geiger counter device can test people to see where in the body radioactive particles are located.

Treatment

Radiation sickness may be severe. But therapies exist to treat the side effects. They can help in recovery and, in some instances, save lives. Treatment helps to:

• Minimize additional exposure
• Stabilize the patient
• Allow the body to recover.

Decontamination

The initial step is the removal of contaminated clothing and proper washing of the skin. This prevents further exposure to radiation.

Burn and injury treatment

Radiation can burn the skin and inner organs. Special wound care or surgery may be necessary.

Blood and bone marrow support

Radiation destroys bone marrow. Consequently, the patient may require pills that help produce blood cells. Some patients may require blood transfusions. Severe cases require bone marrow transplants.

Supportive care

Patients may require:

• Fluids
• Anti-nausea medication
• Antibiotics
• Analgesics.

These forms of medication stabilize them and prevent an infection.

Psychological support

Radiation sickness is a terrifying experience. Psychological assistance is a significant aspect of the recovery process.

Seeking benefits

If you have radiation-induced sickness due to workplace exposure, you may qualify for specialized benefits. Organizations like UEW Healthcare provide free healthcare services to former Department of Energy (DOE) and Atomic Energy workers. You are eligible if you got the exposure while on the job.

Concluding words

Radiation-induced sickness is severe. However, patients have better chances with early detection, timely treatment, and the right support systems.